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The ncurses-based pseudo-graphical YaST interface is designed primarily to help system administrators to manage systems without an X server. The interface offers several advantages compared to the conventional GUI. You can navigate the ncurses interface using the keyboard, and there are keyboard shortcuts for practically all interface elements. The ncurses interface is light on resources, and runs fast even on modest hardware. You can run the ncurses-based version of YaST via an SSH connection, so you can administer remote systems. Keep in mind that the minimum supported size of the terminal emulator in which to run YaST is 80x25 characters.
To launch the ncurses-based version of YaST, open the terminal and run the
sudo yast2 command. Use the →| or
arrow keys to navigate between interface elements like menu
items, fields and buttons. All menu items and buttons in YaST can be
accessed using the appropriate function keys or keyboard shortcuts. For
example, you can cancel the current operation by pressing
F9, while the F10 key can be used to accept
the changes. Each menu item and button in YaST's ncurses-based interface
has a highlighted letter in its label. This letter is part of the keyboard
shortcut assigned to the interface element. For example, the letter
Q is highlighted in the
button. This means that you can activate the button by pressing
Alt–Alt+Q.
If a YaST dialog gets corrupted or distorted, for example, while resizing the window, press Ctrl–L to refresh and restore its contents.
The ncurses-based version of YaST offers several advanced key combinations.
List advanced hotkeys.
Change color schema.
Quit the application.
Refresh screen.
List advanced hotkeys.
Dump dialog to the log file as a screenshot.
Open YDialogSpy to see the widget hierarchy.
If your window manager uses global Alt combinations, the Alt combinations in YaST may not work. Keys like Alt or Shift can also be occupied by the settings of the terminal.
Alt shortcuts can be executed with Esc instead of Alt. For example, Esc–H replaces Alt–H. (Press Esc, then press H.)
If the Alt and Shift combinations are taken over by the window manager or the terminal, use the combinations Ctrl–F (forward) and Ctrl–B (backward) instead.
The function keys (F1 ... F12) are also used for functions. Certain function keys may be taken over by the terminal and may not be available for YaST. However, the Alt key combinations and function keys should always be fully available on a text-only console.
Besides the text mode interface, YaST provides a command line interface. To get a list of YaST command line options, use the following command:
>sudoyast -h
If you know the package name, and the package is provided by an active
installation repository, you can use the command line option
-i to install the package:
>sudoyast -i package_name
or
>sudoyast --install -i package_name
package_name can be a single short package name, for example, gvim, installed with dependency checking, or the full path to an RPM package, which is installed without dependency checking.
While YaST offers basic functionality for managing software from the command line, consider using Zypper for more advanced package management tasks. Find more information on using Zypper in Section 2.1, “Using Zypper”.
To save time, you can start individual YaST modules using the following command:
>sudoyast module_name
View a list of all modules available on your system with yast
-l or yast --list.
To use YaST functionality in scripts, YaST provides command line support for individual modules. However, not all modules have command line support. To display the available options of a module, use the following command:
>sudoyast module_name help
If a module does not provide command line support, it is started in a text mode with the following message:
This YaST module does not support the command line interface.
The following sections describe all YaST modules with command line support, along with a brief explanation of all their commands and available options.
All YaST modules support the following commands:
Lists all the module's supported commands with their description:
>sudoyast lan help
Same as help, but adds a detailed list of all
command's options and their descriptions:
>sudoyast lan longhelp
Same as longhelp, but the output is structured as
an XML document and redirected to a file:
>sudoyast lan xmlhelp xmlfile=/tmp/yast_lan.xml
Enters the interactive mode. This lets you run the
module's commands without prefixing them with sudo
yast. Use exit to leave the interactive
mode.
Adds a new add-on product from the specified path:
>sudoyast add-on http://server.name/directory/Lang-AddOn-CD1/
You can use the following protocols to specify the source path: http:// ftp:// nfs:// disk:// cd:// or dvd://.
Displays and configures the Linux Audit Framework. Refer to the Book “Security and Hardening Guide” for more details. yast audit-laf
accepts the following commands:
Sets an option:
>sudoyast audit-laf set log_file=/tmp/audit.log
For a complete list of options, run yast audit-laf set help.
Displays settings of an option:
>sudoyast audit-laf show diskspace space_left: 75 space_left_action: SYSLOG admin_space_left: 50 admin_space_left_action: SUSPEND action_mail_acct: root disk_full_action: SUSPEND disk_error_action: SUSPEND
For a complete list of options, run yast audit-laf show
help.
Manages the DHCP server and configures its settings. yast
dhcp-server accepts the following commands:
Disables the DHCP server service.
Enables the DHCP server service.
Configures settings for individual hosts.
Specifies to which network interface to listen to:
>sudoyast dhcp-server interface current Selected Interfaces: eth0 Other Interfaces: bond0, pbu, eth1
For a complete list of options, run yast dhcp-server interface
help.
Manages global DHCP options. For a complete list of options, run
yast dhcp-server options help.
Prints the status of the DHCP service.
Manages the DHCP subnet options. For a complete list of options, run
yast dhcp-server subnet help.
Manages the DNS server configuration. yast dns-server
accepts the following commands:
Displays access control list settings:
>sudoyast dns-server acls show ACLs: ----- Name Type Value ---------------------------- any Predefined localips Predefined localnets Predefined none Predefined
Configures zone resource records:
>sudoyast dnsrecord add zone=example.org query=office.example.org type=NS value=ns3
For a complete list of options, run yast dns-server dnsrecord
help.
Configures DNS forwarders:
>sudoyast dns-server forwarders add ip=10.0.0.100>sudoyast dns-server forwarders show [...] Forwarder IP ------------ 10.0.0.100
For a complete list of options, run yast dns-server forwarders
help.
Handles “A” and its related “PTR” record at once:
>sudoyast dns-server host show zone=example.org
For a complete list of options, run yast dns-server host
help.
Configures logging settings:
>sudoyast dns-server logging set updates=no transfers=yes
For a complete list of options, run yast dns-server logging
help.
Configures zone mail servers:
>sudoyast dns-server mailserver add zone=example.org mx=mx1 priority=100
For a complete list of options, run yast dns-server mailserver
help.
Configures zone name servers:
>sudoyast dns-server nameserver add zone=example.com ns=ns1
For a complete list of options, run yast dns-server nameserver
help.
Configures the start of authority (SOA) record:
>sudoyast dns-server soa set zone=example.org serial=2006081623 ttl=2D3H20S
For a complete list of options, run yast dns-server soa help.
Manages the DNS server service:
>sudoyast dns-server startup atboot
For a complete list of options, run yast dns-server startup help.
Configures zone transport rules. For a complete list of options, run
yast dns-server transport help.
Manages DNS zones:
>sudoyast dns-server zones add name=example.org zonetype=master
For a complete list of options, run yast dns-server zones help.
Prints information about all disks or partitions. The only supported
command is list followed by either of the following
options:
Lists all configured disks in the system:
>sudoyast disk list disks Device | Size | FS Type | Mount Point | Label | Model ---------+------------+---------+-------------+-------+------------- /dev/sda | 119.24 GiB | | | | SSD 840 /dev/sdb | 60.84 GiB | | | | WD1003FBYX-0
Lists all partitions in the system:
>sudoyast disk list partitions Device | Size | FS Type | Mount Point | Label | Model ---------------+------------+---------+-------------+-------+------ /dev/sda1 | 1.00 GiB | Ext2 | /boot | | /dev/sdb1 | 1.00 GiB | Swap | swap | | /dev/sdc1 | 698.64 GiB | XFS | /mnt/extra | | /dev/vg00/home | 580.50 GiB | Ext3 | /home | | /dev/vg00/root | 100.00 GiB | Ext3 | / | | [...]
Configures FTP server settings. yast ftp-server accepts
the following options:
Controls secure connections via SSL and TLS. SSL
options are valid for the vsftpd only.
>sudoyast ftp-server SSL enable>sudoyast ftp-server TLS disable
Configures access permissions:
>sudoyast ftp-server access authen_only
For a complete list of options, run yast ftp-server access
help.
Configures access permissions for anonymous users:
>sudoyast ftp-server anon_access can_upload
For a complete list of options, run yast ftp-server
anon_access help.
Specifies the directory for anonymous users. The directory must already exist on the server:
>sudoyast ftp-server anon_dir set_anon_dir=/srv/ftp
For a complete list of options, run yast ftp-server anon_dir
help.
Controls change root environment (chroot):
>sudoyast ftp-server chroot enable>sudoyast ftp-server chroot disable
Sets the maximum idle time in minutes before FTP server terminates the current connection:
>sudoyast ftp-server idle-time set_idle_time=15
Determines whether to save the log messages into a log file:
>sudoyast ftp-server logging enable>sudoyast ftp-server logging disable
Specifies the maximum number of concurrently connected clients:
>sudoyast ftp-server max_clients set_max_clients=1500
Specifies the maximum number of concurrently connected clients via IP:
>sudoyast ftp-server max_clients_ip set_max_clients=20
Specifies the maximum data transfer rate permitted for anonymous clients (KB/s):
>sudoyast ftp-server max_rate_anon set_max_rate=10000
Specifies the maximum data transfer rate permitted for locally authenticated users (KB/s):
>sudoyast ftp-server max_rate_authen set_max_rate=10000
Specifies the port range for passive connection replies:
>sudoyast ftp-server port_range set_min_port=20000 set_max_port=30000
For a complete list of options, run yast ftp-server port_range help.
Displays FTP server settings.
Controls the FTP start-up method:
>sudoyast ftp-server startup atboot
For a complete list of options, run yast ftp-server startup
help.
Specifies the file umask for authenticated:anonymous
users:
>sudoyast ftp-server umask set_umask=177:077
Specifies the text to display when someone connects to the FTP server:
>sudoyast ftp-server welcome_message set_message="hello everybody"
Configures the HTTP server (Apache2). yast http-server
accepts the following commands:
Configures the HTTP server host settings:
>sudoyast http-server configure host=main servername=www.example.com \ serveradmin=admin@example.com
For a complete list of options, run yast http-server configure
help.
Configures virtual hosts:
>sudoyast http-server hosts create servername=www.example.com \ serveradmin=admin@example.com documentroot=/var/www
For a complete list of options, run yast http-server hosts
help.
Specifies the ports and network addresses where the HTTP server should listen:
>sudoyast http-server listen add=81>sudoyast http-server listen list Listen Statements: ================== :80 :81>sudoyast http-server delete=80
For a complete list of options, run yast http-server listen
help.
Enables or disables the wizard mode:
>sudoyast http-server mode wizard=on
Controls the Apache2 server modules:
>sudoyast http-server modules enable=php5,rewrite>sudoyast http-server modules disable=ssl>sudohttp-server modules list [...] Enabled rewrite Disabled ssl Enabled php5 [...]
Configures kdump settings. For more information
on kdump, refer to the
Book “System Analysis and Tuning Guide”, Chapter 18 “Kexec and Kdump”, Section 18.7 “Basic Kdump configuration”. yast kdump
accepts the following commands:
Copies the kernel into the dump directory.
Specifies the kernel_string part of the name
of the custom kernel. The naming scheme is
/boot/vmlinu[zx]-kernel_string[.gz].
>sudoyast kdump customkernel kernel=kdump
For a complete list of options, run yast kdump customkernel
help.
Specifies the (compression) format of the dump kernel image. Available formats are “none”, “ELF”, “compressed” or “lzo”:
>sudoyast kdump dumpformat dump_format=ELF
Specifies the dump level number in the range from 0 to 31:
>sudoyast kdump dumplevel dump_level=24
Specifies the destination for saving dump images:
>sudokdump dumptarget target=ssh server=name_server port=22 \ dir=/var/log/dump user=user_name
For a complete list of options, run yast kdump dumptarget
help.
Controls whether the system should reboot immediately after saving the core in the Kdump kernel:
>sudoyast kdump immediatereboot enable>sudoyast kdump immediatereboot disable
Specifies how many old dump images are kept. Specify zero to keep them all:
>sudoyast kdump keepolddumps no=5
Specifies the command line that needs to be passed off to the Kdump kernel:
>sudoyast kdump kernelcommandline command="ro root=LABEL=/"
Specifies the command line that you need to append to the default command line string:
>sudoyast kdump kernelcommandlineappend command="ro root=LABEL=/"
Specifies an e-mail address for sending copies of notification messages:
>sudoyast kdump notificationcc email="user1@example.com user2@example.com"
Specifies an e-mail address for sending notification messages:
>sudoyast kdump notificationto email="user1@example.com user2@example.com"
Displays kdump settings:
>sudoyast kdump show Kdump is disabled Dump Level: 31 Dump Format: compressed Dump Target Settings target: file file directory: /var/crash Kdump immediate reboots: Enabled Numbers of old dumps: 5
Specifies the file with the plain text SMTP password used for sending notification messages:
>sudoyast kdump smtppass pass=/path/to/file
Specifies the SMTP server host name used for sending notification messages:
>sudoyast kdump smtpserver server=smtp.server.com
Specifies the SMTP user name used for sending notification messages:
>sudoyast kdump smtpuser user=smtp_user
Enables or disables start-up options:
>sudoyast kdump startup enable alloc_mem=128,256>sudoyast kdump startup disable
Configures the system keyboard for virtual consoles. It does not affect
the keyboard settings in graphical desktop environments, such as GNOME
or KDE. yast keyboard accepts the following commands:
Lists all available keyboard layouts.
Activates new keyboard layout setting:
>sudoyast keyboard set layout=czech
Displays the current keyboard configuration.
Configures network cards. yast lan accepts the
following commands:
Configures a new network card:
>sudoyast lan add name=vlan50 ethdevice=eth0 bootproto=dhcp
For a complete list of options, run yast lan add
help.
Deletes an existing network card:
>sudoyast lan delete id=0
Changes the configuration of an existing network card:
>sudoyast lan edit id=0 bootproto=dhcp
Displays a summary of network card configuration:
>sudoyast lan list id name, bootproto 0 Ethernet Card 0, NONE 1 Network Bridge, DHCP
Configures system languages. yast language accepts the
following commands:
Lists all available languages.
Specifies the main system languages and secondary languages:
>sudoyast language set lang=cs_CZ languages=en_US,es_ES no_packages
Displays the configuration of the mail system:
>sudoyast mail summary
Controls the NFS client. yast nfs accepts the following
commands:
Adds a new NFS mount:
>sudoyast nfs add spec=remote_host:/path/to/nfs/share file=/local/mount/point
For a complete list of options, run yast nfs add help.
Deletes an existing NFS mount:
>sudoyast nfs delete spec=remote_host:/path/to/nfs/share file=/local/mount/point
For a complete list of options, run yast nfs delete help.
Changes an existing NFS mount:
>sudoyast nfs edit spec=remote_host:/path/to/nfs/share \ file=/local/mount/point type=nfs4
For a complete list of options, run yast nfs edit help.
Lists existing NFS mounts:
>sudoyast nfs list Server Remote File System Mount Point Options ---------------------------------------------------------------- nfs.example.com /mnt /nfs/mnt nfs nfs.example.com /home/tux/nfs_share /nfs/tux nfs
Configures the NFS server. yast nfs-server accepts the
following commands:
Adds a directory to export:
>sudoyast nfs-server add mountpoint=/nfs/export hosts=*.allowed_hosts.com
For a complete list of options, run yast nfs-server add help.
Deletes a directory from the NFS export:
>sudoyast nfs-server delete mountpoint=/nfs/export
Specifies additional parameters for the NFS server:
>sudoyast nfs-server set enablev4=yes security=yes
For a complete list of options, run yast nfs-server set help.
Starts the NFS server service:
>sudoyast nfs-server start
Stops the NFS server service:
>sudoyast nfs-server stop
Displays a summary of the NFS server configuration:
>sudoyast nfs-server summary NFS server is enabled NFS Exports * /mnt * /home NFSv4 support is enabled. The NFSv4 domain for idmapping is localdomain. NFS Security using GSS is enabled.
Configures the NIS client. yast nis accepts the
following commands:
Changes global settings of a NIS client:
>sudoyast nis configure server=nis.example.com broadcast=yes
For a complete list of options, run yast nis configure
help.
Disables the NIS client:
>sudoyast nis disable
Enables your machine as NIS client:
>sudoyast nis enable server=nis.example.com broadcast=yes automounter=yes
For a complete list of options, run yast nis enable help.
Shows available NIS servers for a given domain:
>sudoyast nis find domain=nisdomain.com
Displays a configuration summary of a NIS client.
Configures a NIS server. yast nis-server accepts the
following commands:
Configures a NIS master server:
>sudoyast nis-server master domain=nisdomain.com yppasswd=yes
For a complete list of options, run yast nis-server master help.
Configures a NIS worker server:
>sudoyast nis-server slave domain=nisdomain.com master_ip=10.100.51.65
For a complete list of options, run yast nis-server slave help.
Stops a NIS server:
>sudoyast nis-server stop
Displays a configuration summary of a NIS server:
>sudoyast nis-server summary
Configures proxy settings. yast proxy accepts the
following commands:
Specifies the authentication options for proxy:
>sudoyast proxy authentication username=tux password=secret
For a complete list of options, run yast proxy authentication
help.
Enables or disables proxy settings.
Changes the current proxy settings:
>sudoyast proxy set https=proxy.example.com
For a complete list of options, run yast proxy set help.
Displays proxy settings.
Controls remote desktop settings. yast rdp accepts the
following commands:
Allows remote access to the server's desktop:
>sudoyast rdp allow set=yes
Displays the remote desktop configuration summary.
Configures the Samba client settings. yast samba-client
accepts the following commands:
Changes global settings of Samba:
>sudoyast samba-client configure workgroup=FAMILY
Checks whether the machine is a member of a domain:
>sudoyast samba-client isdomainmember domain=SMB_DOMAIN
Makes the machine a member of a domain:
>sudoyast samba-client joindomain domain=SMB_DOMAIN user=username password=pwd
Enables or disables Winbind services (the
winbindd daemon):
>sudoyast samba-client winbind enable>sudoyast samba-client winbind disable
Configures Samba server settings. yast samba-server
accepts the following commands:
Specifies the back-end for storing user information:
>sudoyast samba-server backend smbpasswd
For a complete list of options, run yast samba-server backend help.
Configures global settings of the Samba server:
>sudoyast samba-server configure workgroup=FAMILY description='Home server'
For a complete list of options, run yast samba-server configure help.
Displays a list of available shares:
>sudoyast samba-server list Status Type Name ============================== Disabled Disk profiles Enabled Disk print$ Enabled Disk homes Disabled Disk groups Enabled Disk movies Enabled Printer printers
Specifies the role of the Samba server:
>sudoyast samba-server role standalone
For a complete list of options, run yast samba-server role help.
Enables or disables the Samba services (smb
and nmb):
>sudoyast samba-server service enable>sudoyast samba-server service disable
Manipulates a single Samba share:
>sudoyast samba-server share name=movies browseable=yes guest_ok=yes
For a complete list of options, run yast samba-server share help.
Controls the security level of the host. yast security
accepts the following commands:
Specifies the security level of the host:
>sudoyast security level server
For a complete list of options, run yast security level help.
Sets the value of a specific option:
>sudoyast security set passwd=sha512 crack=yes
For a complete list of options, run yast security set help.
Displays a summary of the current security configuration:
sudoyast security summary
Configures sound card settings. yast sound accepts the
following commands:
Configures a new sound card. Without any parameters, the command adds the first detected card.
>sudoyast sound add card=0 volume=75
For a complete list of options, run yast sound add
help.
Lists available volume channels of a sound card:
>sudoyast sound channels card=0 Master 75 PCM 100
Lists all available sound kernel modules:
>sudoyast sound modules snd-atiixp ATI IXP AC97 controller (snd-atiixp) snd-atiixp-modem ATI IXP MC97 controller (snd-atiixp-modem) snd-virtuoso Asus Virtuoso driver (snd-virtuoso) [...]
Plays a test sound on a sound card:
>sudoyast sound playtest card=0
Removes a configured sound card:
>sudoyast sound remove card=0>sudoyast sound remove all
Specifies new values for a sound card:
>sudoyast sound set card=0 volume=80
Displays detailed information about a sound card:
>sudoyast sound show card=0 Parameters of card 'ThinkPad X240' (using module snd-hda-intel): align_buffer_size Force buffer and period sizes to be multiple of 128 bytes. bdl_pos_adj BDL position adjustment offset. beep_mode Select HDA Beep registration mode (0=off, 1=on) (default=1). Default Value: 0 enable_msi Enable Message Signaled Interrupt (MSI) [...]
Prints a configuration summary for all sound cards on the system:
>sudoyast sound summary
Specifies the volume level of a sound card:
sudoyast sound volume card=0 play
Controls the variables in files under /etc/sysconfig.
yast sysconfig accepts the following commands:
Sets empty value to a variable:
>sudoyast sysconfig clear=POSTFIX_LISTEN
If the variable is available in several files, use the VARIABLE_NAME$FILE_NAME syntax:
>sudoyast sysconfig clear=CONFIG_TYPE$/etc/sysconfig/mail
Displays detailed information about a variable:
>sudoyast sysconfig details variable=POSTFIX_LISTEN Description: Value: File: /etc/sysconfig/postfix Possible Values: Any value Default Value: Configuration Script: postfix Description: Comma separated list of IP's NOTE: If not set, LISTEN on all interfaces
Displays summary of modified variables. Use all to
list all variables and their values:
>sudoyast sysconfig list all AOU_AUTO_AGREE_WITH_LICENSES="false" AOU_ENABLE_CRONJOB="true" AOU_INCLUDE_RECOMMENDS="false" [...]
Sets a value for a variable:
>sudoyast sysconfig set DISPLAYMANAGER=gdm
If the variable is available in several files, use the VARIABLE_NAME$FILE_NAME syntax:
>sudoyast sysconfig set CONFIG_TYPE$/etc/sysconfig/mail=advanced
Configures a TFTP server. yast tftp-server accepts the
following commands:
Specifies the directory of the TFTP server:
>sudoyast tftp-server directory path=/srv/tftp>sudoyast tftp-server directory list Directory Path: /srv/tftp
Controls the status of the TFTP server service:
>sudoyast tftp-server status disable>sudoyast tftp-server status show Service Status: false>sudoyast tftp-server status enable
Configures the time zone. yast timezone accepts the
following commands:
Lists all available time zones grouped by region:
>sudoyast timezone list Region: Africa Africa/Abidjan (Abidjan) Africa/Accra (Accra) Africa/Addis_Ababa (Addis Ababa) [...]
Specifies new values for the time zone configuration:
>sudoyast timezone set timezone=Europe/Prague hwclock=local
Displays the time zone configuration summary:
>sudoyast timezone summary Current Time Zone: Europe/Prague Hardware Clock Set To: Local time Current Time and Date: Mon 12. March 2018, 11:36:21 CET
Manages user accounts. yast users accepts the following
commands:
Adds a new user:
>sudoyast users add username=user1 password=secret home=/home/user1
For a complete list of options, run yast users add help.
Deletes an existing user account:
>sudoyast users delete username=user1 delete_home
For a complete list of options, run yast users delete help.
Changes an existing user account:
>sudoyast users edit username=user1 password=new_secret
For a complete list of options, run yast users edit help.
Lists existing users filtered by user type:
>sudoyast users list system
For a complete list of options, run yast users list help.
Displays details about a user:
>sudoyast users show username=wwwrun Full Name: WWW daemon apache List of Groups: www Default Group: wwwrun Home Directory: /var/lib/wwwrun Login Shell: /sbin/nologin Login Name: wwwrun UID: 456
For a complete list of options, run yast users show help.