SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP applications 16.1

Analyzing Performance Metrics Using the Performance Co-Pilot Analysis Toolkit

Publication Date: 22 May 2026

WHAT?

For performance monitoring purposes, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP applications provides a container image that enables you to run the Performance Co-Pilot (PCP) analysis toolkit in a container.

WHY?

You want to monitor performance on your system, and this article provides information on how to configure and use the toolkit.

EFFORT

It takes approximately 40 minutes of reading time.

GOAL

You will be able to start the PCP container with a configuration that suits your needs.

REQUIREMENTS

A running instance of SLES for SAP.

Revision History: Analyzing Performance Metrics Using the Performance Co-Pilot Analysis Toolkit

1 Performance Co-Pilot analysis toolkit #

The toolkit comprises tools for gathering and processing performance information collected either in real time or from PCP archive logs.

The performance data is collected by performance metrics domain agents and passed to the pmcd daemon. The daemon coordinates the gathering and exporting of performance statistics in response to requests from the PCP monitoring tools. pmlogger is then used to log the metrics. For details, refer to the PCP documentation.

1.1 Getting the PCP container image #

The PCP container image is based on the BCI-Init container that utilizes systemd used to manage the PCP services.

You can pull the container image using Podman or from the Cockpit Web management console. To pull the image by using Podman, run the following command:

# podman pull registry.suse.com/suse/pcp:latest

To get the container image using Cockpit, go to Podman containers, click Get new image, and search for pcp. Then select the image from the registry.suse.com for SLE 15 SP4 and download it.

2 Running the PCP container #

The following command shows minimal options that you need to use to run a PCP container:

# podman run -d  \
  --systemd always \
  -p HOST_IP:HOST_PORT:CONTAINER_PORT \
  -v HOST_DIR:/var/log/pcp/pmlogger \
  PCP_CONTAINER_IMAGE

where the options have the following meaning:

-d: The container runs in a detached mode without tty.
--systemd always: Runs the container in the systemd mode. All services needed to run in the PCP container are started automatically by systemd in the container.
--privileged: The container runs with extended privileges. Use this option if your system has SELinux enabled, otherwise the collected metrics are incomplete.
-v HOST_DIR:/var/log/pcp/pmlogger: Creates a bind mount so that pmlogger archives are written to the HOST_DIR on the host. By default, pmlogger stores the collected metrics in /var/log/pcp/pmlogger.
PCP_CONTAINER_IMAGE: Is the downloaded PCP container image.

Other useful options of the podman run command follow:

Other options #

-p HOST_IP:HOST_PORT:CONTAINER_PORT

Publishes ports of the container by mapping a container port onto a host port. If you do not specify HOST_IP, the ports are mapped on the local host. If you omit the HOST_PORT value, a random port number is used. By default, the pmcd daemon listens on and exposes the PMAPI to receive metrics on the port 44321, so we recommend mapping this port on the same port number on the host. The pmproxy daemon listens on and exposes the REST PMWEBAPI to access metrics on the 44322 port by default, so it is recommended to map this port on the same host port number.

--net host

The container uses the host's network. Use this option to collect metrics from the host's network interfaces.

-e

The option enables you to set the following environment variables:

PCP_SERVICES

Is a comma-separated list of services to start by systemd in the container.

Default services are: pmcd, pmie, pmlogger, pmproxy.

You can use this variable to run a container with a list of services that is different from the default one, for example, only with pmlogger:

# podman run -d \
  --name pmlogger \
  --systemd always \
  -e PCP_SERVICES=pmlogger  \
  -v pcp-archives:/var/log/pcp/pmlogger  \
  registry.suse.com/suse/pcp:latest

HOST_MOUNT

Is a path inside the container to the bind mount of the host's root file system. The default value is not set.

REDIS_SERVERS

Specifies a connection to a Redis server. In a non-clustered setup, provide a comma-separated list of host specs. In a clustered setup, provide any individual cluster host, other hosts in the cluster are discovered automatically. The default value is: localhost:6379.

If you need to use a different configuration than the one provided by the environment variables, proceed as described in Section 3, “Configuring PCP services”.

2.1 Starting the PCP container automatically on boot #

After you run the PCP container, you can configure systemd to start the container on boot. To do so, follow the procedure below:

Create a unit file for the container by using the podman generate systemd command:
```
# podman generate systemd --name CONTAINER_NAME > /etc/systemd/system/container-CONTAINER_NAME.service
```
where CONTAINER_NAME is the name of the PCP container you used when running the container from the container image.

Enable the service in systemd:

# systemctl enable container-CONTAINER_NAME

3 Configuring PCP services #

All services that run inside the PCP container have a default configuration that might not suit your needs. If you need a custom configuration that cannot be covered by the environment variables, create configuration files for the PCP services and pass them to the PCP using a bind mount as follows:

# podman run -d \
  --name CONTAINER_NAME \
  --systemd always \
  -v $HOST_CONFIG:CONTAINER_CONFIG_PATH:z \
  -v HOST_LOGS_PATH:/var/log/pcp/pmlogger  \
  registry.suse.com/suse/pcp:latest

Where:

CONTAINER_NAME: Is an optional container name.
HOST_CONFIG: Is an absolute path to the config you created on the host machine. You can choose any file name you want.
CONTAINER_CONFIG_PATH: Is an absolute path to a particular configuration file inside the container. Each available configuration file is described in the corresponding sections further.
HOST_LOGS_PATH: Is a directory that should be a bind mount to the container logs.

For example, a container called pcp, with the configuration file pmcd on the host machine and the pcp-archives directory for logs on the host machine, is run by the following command:

# podman run -d \
  --name pcp  \
  --systemd always \
  -v $(pwd)/pcp-archives:/var/log/pcp/pmlogger \
  -v $(pwd)/pmcd:/etc/sysconfig/pmcd \
registry.suse.com/suse/pcp:latest

3.1 Custom `pmcd` daemon configuration #

The pmcd daemon configuration is stored in the /etc/sysconfig/pmcd file. The file stores environment variables that modify the behavior of the pmcd daemon.

You can add the following variables to the /etc/sysconfig/pmcd file to configure the pmcd daemon:

PMCD_LOCAL: Defines whether the remote host can connect to the pmcd daemon. If set to 0, remote connections to the daemon are allowed. If set to 1, the daemon listens only on the local host. The default value is 0.
PMCD_MAXPENDING: Defines the maximum count of pending connections to the agent. The default value is 5.
PMCD_ROOT_AGENT: If the pmdaroot is enabled (the value is set to 1), adding a new PDMA does not trigger restarting of other PMDAs. If pmdaroot is not enabled, pmcd will require restarting all PMDAs when a new PMDA is added. The default value is 1.
PMCD_RESTART_AGENTS: If set to 1, the pmcd daemon tries to restart any exited PMDA. Enable this option only if you have enabled pmdaroot, as pmcd itself does not have privileges to restart PMDA.
PMCD_WAIT_TIMEOUT: Defines the maximum time in seconds pmcd can wait to accept a connection. After this time, the connection is reported as failed. The default value is 60.
PCP_NSS_INIT_MODE: Defines the mode in which pmcd initializes the NSS certificate database when secured connections are used. The default value is readonly. You can set the mode to readwrite, but if the initialization fails, the default value is used as a fallback.

An example follows:

      PMCD_LOCAL=0
      PMCD_MAXPENDING=5
      PMCD_ROOT_AGENT=1
      PMCD_RESTART_AGENTS=1
      PMCD_WAIT_TIMEOUT=70
      PCP_NSS_INIT_MODE=readwrite

3.2 Custom `pmlogger` configuration #

The custom configuration for the pmlogger is stored in the following configuration files:

/etc/sysconfig/pmlogger
/etc/pcp/pmlogger/control.d/local

3.2.1 The `/etc/sysconfig/pmlogger` file #

You can use the following attributes to configure the pmlogger:

PMLOGGER_LOCAL: Defines whether pmlogger allows connections from remote hosts. If set to 1, pmlogger allows connections from a local host only.
PMLOGGER_MAXPENDING: Defines the maximum count of pending connections. The default value is 5.
PMLOGGER_INTERVAL: Defines the default sampling interval pmlogger uses. The default value is 60 s. Keep in mind that this value can be overridden by the pmlogger command line.
PMLOGGER_CHECK_SKIP_LOGCONF: Setting this option to yes disables the regeneration and checking of the pmlogger configuration if the configuration pmlogger comes from pmlogconf. The default behavior is to regenerate configuration files and check for changes every time pmlogger is started.

An example follows:

PMLOGGER_LOCAL=1
PMLOGGER_MAXPENDING=5
PMLOGGER_INTERVAL=10
PMLOGGER_CHECK_SKIP_LOGCONF=yes

3.2.2 The `/etc/pcp/pmlogger/control.d/local` file #

The file /etc/pcp/pmlogger/control.d/local stores specifications of the host, which metrics should be logged, the logging frequency (default is 24 hours), and pmlogger options. For example:

# === VARIABLE ASSIGNMENTS ===
#
# DO NOT REMOVE OR EDIT THE FOLLOWING LINE
$version=1.1

# Uncomment one of the lines below to enable/disable compression behaviour
# that is different to the pmlogger_daily default.
# Value is days before compressing archives, 0 is immediate compression,
# "never" or "forever" suppresses compression.
#
#$PCP_COMPRESSAFTER=0
#$PCP_COMPRESSAFTER=3
#$PCP_COMPRESSAFTER=never

# === LOGGER CONTROL SPECIFICATIONS ===
#
#Host           P?  S?  directory                       args

# local primary logger
LOCALHOSTNAME   y   n   PCP_ARCHIVE_DIR/LOCALHOSTNAME   -r -T24h10m -c config.default -v 100Mb

Note: Defaults point to local host

If you run the pmlogger in a container on a different machine than the one that runs the pmcd (a client), change the following line to point to the client:

# local primary logger
CLIENT_HOSTNAME   y   n   PCP_ARCHIVE_DIR/CLIENT_HOSTNAME   -r -T24h10m -c config.default -v 100Mb

For example, for the slemicro_1 host name, the line should look as follows:

# local primary logger
slemicro_1   y   n   PCP_ARCHIVE_DIR/slemicro_1   -r -T24h10m -c config.default -v 100Mb

4 Managing PCP metrics #

4.1 Listing PCP metrics #

From within the container, you can use the command pminfo to list metrics. For example, to list all available performance metrics, run:

# pminfo

You can list a group of related metrics by specifying the metrics prefix:

# pminfo METRIC_PREFIX

For example, to list all metrics related to kernel, use:

# pminfo disk

disk.dev.r_await
disk.dm.await
disk.dm.r_await
disk.md.await
disk.md.r_await
...

You can also specify additional strings to narrow down the list of metrics, for example:

# piminfo disk.dev

disk.dev.read
disk.dev.write
disk.dev.total
disk.dev.blkread
disk.dev.blkwrite
disk.dev.blktotal
...

To get online help text of a particular metric, use the -t option followed by the metric, for example:

# pminfo -t kernel.cpu.util.user

kernel.cpu.util.user [percentage of user time across all CPUs, including guest CPU time]

To display a description text of a particular metric, use the -T option followed by the metric, for example:

# pminfo -T kernel.cpu.util.user

Help:
percentage of user time across all CPUs, including guest CPU time

4.2 Checking local metrics #

After you start the PCP container, you can verify that metrics are being recorded properly by running the following command inside the container:

# pcp

Performance Co-Pilot configuration on localhost:

 platform: Linux localhost 5.3.18-150300.59.68-default #1 SMP Wed May 4 11:29:09 UTC 2022 (ea30951) x86_64
 hardware: 1 cpu, 1 disk, 1 node, 1726MB RAM
 timezone: UTC
 services: pmcd pmproxy
     pmcd: Version 5.2.2-1, 9 agents, 4 clients
     pmda: root pmcd proc pmproxy xfs linux mmv kvm jbd2
 pmlogger: primary logger: /var/log/pcp/pmlogger/localhost/20220607.09.24
     pmie: primary engine: /var/log/pcp/pmie/localhost/pmie.log

Now check if the logs are written to a proper destination:

# ls PATH_TO_PMLOGGER_LOGS

where PATH_TO_PMLOGGER_LOGS should be /var/log/pcp/pmlogger/localhost/ in this case.

4.3 Recording metrics from remote systems #

You can deploy collector containers that collect metrics from different remote systems than the ones where the pmlogger containers are running. Each remote collector system needs the pmcd daemon and a set of pmda. To deploy several collectors with a centralized monitoring system, proceed as follows.

On each system you want to collect metrics from (clients), run a container with the pmcd daemon:

# podman run -d \
    --name pcp-pmcd \
    --privileged \
    --net host \
    --systemd always \
    -e PCP_SERVICES=pmcd \
    -e HOST_MOUNT=/host \
    -v /:/host:ro,rslave \
    registry.suse.com/suse/pcp:latest

On the monitoring system, create a pmlogger configuration file for each client control.CLIENT with the following content:
```
$version=1.1

CLIENT_HOSTNAME n n PCP_ARCHIVE_DIR/CLIENT -N -r -T24h10m -c config.default -v 100Mb
```
Keep in mind that the CLIENT_HOSTNAME must be resolvable in DNS. You can use IP addresses or fully qualified domain names (FQDN) instead.
On the monitoring system, create a directory for each client to store the recorded logs:
```
# mkdir /root/pcp-archives/CLIENT
```
For example, for slemicro_1:
```
# mkdir /root/pcp-archives/slemicro_1
```
On the monitoring system, run a container with pmlogger for each client:
```
# podman run -d \
    --name pcp-pmlogger-CLIENT \
    --systemd always \
    -e PCP_SERVICES=pmlogger \
    -v /root/pcp-archives/CLIENT:/var/log/pcp/pmlogger:z \
    -v $(pwd)/control.CLIENT:/etc/pcp/pmlogger/control.d/local:z \
    registry.suse.com/suse/pcp:latest
```
For example, for a client called slemicro_1:
```
# podman run -d \
    --name pcp-pmlogger-slemicro_1 \
    --systemd always \
    -e PCP_SERVICES=pmlogger \
    -v /root/pcp-archives:/var/log/pcp/pmlogger:z \
    -v $(pwd)/control.slemicro_1:/etc/pcp/pmlogger/control.d/local:z \
    registry.suse.com/suse/pcp:latest
```
Note
The second bind mount points to the configuration file created in Step 2 and replaces the default pmlogger configuration. If you do not create this bind mount, pmlogger uses the default /etc/pcp/pmlogger/control.d/local file and logging from clients fails as the default configuration points to a local host. For details about the configuration file, refer to Section 3.2.2, “The /etc/pcp/pmlogger/control.d/local file”.

To check if the log collection is working properly, run:

# ls -l pcp-archives/CLIENT/CLIENT

For example:

# ls -l pcp-archives/slemicro_1/slemicro_1

total 1076
-rw-r--r--. 1 systemd-network systemd-network 876372 Jun  8 11:24 20220608.10.58.0
-rw-r--r--. 1 systemd-network systemd-network    312 Jun  8 11:22 20220608.10.58.index
-rw-r--r--. 1 systemd-network systemd-network 184486 Jun  8 10:58 20220608.10.58.meta
-rw-r--r--. 1 systemd-network systemd-network    246 Jun  8 10:58 Latest
-rw-r--r--. 1 systemd-network systemd-network  24595 Jun  8 10:58 pmlogger.log

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6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS #

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You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.

7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS #

A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document.

If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.

8. TRANSLATION #

Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original English version of this License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.

If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title.

9. TERMINATION #

You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.

10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE #

The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.

Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.

ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents #

Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU
Free Documentation License”.

If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the “with...Texts.” line with this:

with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.

If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation.

If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.